Prescribed and Recommended Reading:
In your course Clickup module, look for the Library Reference Page link on the left side of the screen. This page would have links to online books and articles, as well as the shelf numbers of print copies of books.
Allocate enough time > Analyze the topic > Do background reading > Define concepts and keywords (search terms) > Search for information > Read, evaluate, search more information > Apply critical thinking (Structure your argument and provide evidence) > Write, edit, re-write > Beware of plagiarism > Submit.
Use a THESAURUS to find synonyms for words. Online: Oxford Thesaurus; Thesaurus.com
Use a DICTIONARY to check the meaning of words. Online: Oxford English Dictionary
Use a BILINGUAL DICTIONARY to translate words into another language. Online: Pharos Dictionaries On the shelf at N 400 - N 499.
Use a SUBJECT DICTIONARY to find definitions for the terminology relating to the subject or discipline. Online: Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Find Political Science dictionaries on the shelf at N 320.03.
Title page.
Abstract / Synopsis of no more than 200 words.
Table of content.
Introduction.
Headings and text.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Appendices (if applicable).
All headings should be numbered, starting with the Introduction and ending with the Bibliography.
Number all pages of the essay itself. Page one will be the page which starts with your introduction.
Essays should be word-processed and printed on one side of A4 paper with line spacing of at least 1½.
There should be a wide margin (about 4cm) on the left hand side of the page for comments.
Source: Political Sciences Undergraduate Manual
SHORTENED HARVARD METHOD USED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCES
The author's name together with year of publication and page reference appear in brackets in the text. It is called an in-text reference. and refers to the Bibliography where full bibliographic details of the work cited are available.
More than one publication in the same year by the same author: the year of publication is followed by a letter. For example, "Stretton 1980c"
Two or more authors or editors for a single publication: use the first surname followed by et al.
BOOKS
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Author. Year of publication. Title of book: subtitle. Place of publication: Publisher
Serote, P. 1999. Development in Context: South African case studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Calvert, S. & Calvert, P. 1996. Politics and Society in the Third World: an introduction. Harvester Wheatsheaf: Prentice Hall.
IN-TEXT:
(Author Date: page number)
Development is a process of change from a less desirable to a more desirable state. (McLean 1996: 137)
According to McLean (1996: 137), development is a process ….
CHAPTERS IN A BOOK
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Author(s) of chapter. Date. Name of chapter. In Name of book, edited by Name of editor(s). Place of publication: Publisher.
Cowen, M.P. & Shenton, R.W. 1995. The Invention of Development. In Power of Development, edited by J. Crush. London & New York: Routledge.
IN-TEXT:
(Author of chapter Date: page number)
Development is impossible to define and yet many definitions of development have been offered (Cowen & Shenton 1995: 28).
JOURNAL ARTICLES
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Author of article. Date of publication. Name of article. Name of Journal, volume (number): page numbers or article.
Sagar, A. D. & Najam, A. 1999. Shaping Human Development: which way next? Third World Quarterly, 20 (4): 743-751.
IN-TEXT:
Author Date:page number)
Sagar & Najam (1999: 744) point out that human development …
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Name of writer(s). Date (just the year). Name of article. Newspaper, day month: page number.
Seepe, S. 1999. Mbeki and leadership. Mail & Guardian, 14 September: 13.
IN-TEXT:
(name of writer date:page number)
Seepe (1999: 13) criticises Mbeki for not providing clear leadership.
INTERNET SOURCES
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Name of organisation/writer of article/person who gave speech. Date (on which article was written/speech was given). Name of article/speech/webpage, etc. Internet: address. Access: date of access.
Mbeki, T. 2001. State of the Nation Address, 6 February 2001. Internet: http://www.gov.za/speeches/mbeki/010206.html.
.Access: 7 January 2002.
IN-TEXT:
(Author/Speaker/Organisation Date)
Mbeki (2001) highlighted the issue of poverty saying that 'This issue …
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
South Africa. Date. Name of publication. Pretoria: Government Printers.
South Africa. 1996. White Paper on Environment. Pretoria: Government Printers.
IN-TEXT:
Several new projects are underway in the Easter Cape including … (South Africa 1996:14)
Source: Political Sciences Undergraduate Manual.
Faculty Student Advisor: Ms Modipadi Phala (email pm.phala@up.ac.za).